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Galerina sulciceps
''Galerina sulciceps'' is a dangerously toxic species of fungus in the family Strophariaceae, of the order Agaricales. It is distributed in tropical Indonesia and India, but has reportedly been found fruiting in European greenhouses on occasion. Considered more deadly than the deathcap (''Amanita phalloides''), ''G. sulciceps'' has been shown to contain the toxins known as alpha- (α-), beta- (β-) and gamma- (γ-) amanitins; a series of poisonings in Indonesia in the 1930s resulted in 14 deaths from the consumption of this species. It has a typical "little brown mushroom" appearance, with few obvious external characteristics to help distinguish it from many other similar nondescript brown species. The fruit bodies of the fungus are tawny to ochre, deepening to reddish-brown at the base of the stem. The gills are well-separated, and there is no ring present on the stem.
==History and taxonomy==
This species was first described in the literature as ''Marasmius sulciceps'' by English Naturalist Miles Joseph Berkeley in 1848, based on a specimen found four years earlier growing on old wood in Ceylon (modern-day Sri Lanka).〔 In 1898, Otto Kuntze transferred the species to ''Chamaeceras'',〔 a genus that has since been subsumed back into ''Marasmius''.〔 Because of its brown-colored spore print, Dutch mycologist Karel Bernard Boedijn transferred the species to the genus ''Phaeomarasmius'' 1938.〔 In 1951, he redescribed the species and transferred it to its current position in ''Galerina''.〔 Rolf Singer's comprehensive taxonomical treatment of the Agaricales placed ''Galerina sulciceps'' in section ''Naucoriopsis'' of the genus ''Galerina'', a subdivision first defined by French mycologist Robert Kühner in 1935.〔 This section includes small brown-spored fungi what when young have a cap margin that is curved inward, and thin-walled, obtuse, or acute-ended pleurocystidia that are not broadly rounded at the top.〔 All of the poisonous amatoxin-containing ''Galerina'' belong to section ''Naucoriopsis''.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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